2010年CMSS对革兰阴性杆菌耐药性监测报告

Abstract

目的 监测2010年中国革兰阴性杆菌的耐药性.方法 收集2010年9-12月全国13家教学医院的1 259株非重复的革兰阴性杆菌.菌株经中心实验室复核后,采用琼脂稀释法测定美罗培南等广谱抗菌药物的MIC.药敏结果判断采用CLSI 2011年M100-S21标准.结果 14种抗菌药物对845株肠杆菌科细菌的抗菌活性,敏感性依次为美罗培南829株(98.1％)、阿米卡星794株(94.0％)、亚胺培南761株(90.0％)、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦739株(87.5％)、头孢吡肟701株(83.0％)、厄他培南696株(82.4％)、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦678株(80.3％)、黏菌素637株(75.4％)、头孢他啶591株(70.0％)、环丙沙星499株(59.1％)、头孢西丁463株(54.8％)、头孢曲松452株(53.5％)、头孢噻肟442株(52.3％)、米诺环素435株(51.5％).大肠埃希菌中ESBL的发生率为61.3％ (106/173),高于肺炎克雷伯菌[41.2％ (70/170)].大肠埃希菌对美罗培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦保持较好的敏感性,而对环丙沙星、头孢曲松和头孢噻肟的耐药率较高.肺炎克雷伯菌对美罗培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星和黏菌素的敏感率均保持在90％以上,而对头孢曲松和头孢噻肟的耐药率较高.阴沟肠杆菌、产气肠杆菌、弗劳地柠檬酸菌,对美罗培南、阿米卡星、头孢吡肟、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、厄他培南的敏感率都保持在80.0％以上.对于铜绿假单胞菌敏感性较高的药物为黏菌素(98.4％,182株)、阿米卡星(85.9％,159株)、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦(80.0％,148株)、头孢他啶(79.5％,147株)、美罗培南(74.1％,137株)、环丙沙星(74.1％,137株)、头孢吡肟(73.5％,136株)、亚胺培南(71.9％,132株)和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(70.8％,131株).鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类的敏感率小于37.0％,对米诺环素敏感率为47.8％.97.8％(176株)的鲍曼不动杆菌对黏菌素敏感,泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌发生率分别为60.1％(108株)和18.9％(35株).结论 碳青霉烯类对肠杆菌科仍保持高活性,但鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性增加,鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类的耐药性显著增加.

Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacilli in China in 2010.Methods A total of 1 259 consecutive and non-repetitive gram-negative bacilli were isolated from 13 teaching hospitals from September to December in 2010 in China.All of these isolates were sent to the central laboratory for re-identification and susceptibility testing.The MIC of meropenem and other antibacterial agents were determined by agar dilution method.Interpretive results was determined by CLSI M100-S21.Results The activity of 14 antibacterial agents against 845 Enterobacteriaceae isolates was as follows in order:meropenem ( 98.1％,829 ),amikacin ( 94.0％,794 ),imipeuem ( 90.0％,761 ),piperacillin/tazobactam ( 87.5％,739 ),cefepime ( 83.0％,701 ),ertapenem ( 82.4％,696 ),cefoperazone/sulbactam ( 80.3％,678 ),colistin (75.4％,637),ceftazidime (70.0％,591 ),ciprofloxacin (59.1％,499 ),cefoxitin ( 54.8％,463 ),ceftriaxone ( 53.5％,452 ),cefotaxime ( 52.3％,442 ) and minocycline(51.5％,435).The prevalence of ESBL was 61.3％ (106/173) in Escherichia coli,which was much higher than 41.2％ (70/170) in Klebsiella pneumoniae.The susceptibility rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae against meropenem,imipenem,amikacin and colistin were more than 90％,but were highly resistant to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime.Over 80％ of Enterobacter cloacae,Enterobacter aerogenes,Citrobacter freundii,were susceptible to meropenem,amikacin,cefepine,cefoperazone/sulbactam,imipenem,piperacillin/ tazobactam,and ertapenem.The most active antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were Colistin (98.4％,182),Amikacin ( 85.9％,159 ),Piperacillin/Tazobactam ( 80％,148 ),Ceftazidime ( 79.5％,147),Meropenem (74.1％,137),Ciprofloxacin (74.1％,137),Cefepime (73.5％,136),Imipenem (71.9％,132) and Cefoperazone/Sulbactam (70.8％,131 ).Less than 37％ of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were resistant to carbapenems.The susceptible rate to Minocycline was 47.8％.Colistin kept good activity against Acinetobacter baumannii (susceptible rate,97.8％,n =176),The prevalence of Pan-drug resistant P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii was 18.9％ (n =35),and 61.8％ (n =108),respectively.Conclusions Carbapenems remained very high activity against Enterobacteriaceae.Increasing resistance to the antimicrobials agents test among A.baumanni and P.aeruginosa,especially carbapenems among A.baumanni brought great concern.