中国高致病性禽流感A/H5N1病毒感染患者的临床与预后

Abstract

目的 研究我国卫生部公布的28例高致病性禽流感A/H5 N1病毒感染(简称人禽流感)病例的临床特点,评估其临床与预后的相关性.方法 回顾总结我国2005年11月至2008年5月临床及实验室确诊的28例人禽流感病例的临床资料,应用EPIDATA 3.02建立数据库,并应用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析,计量资料采用独立样本非参数检验,计数资料应用x<'2>(fisher)检验.结果 我国28例人禽流感病例中,男13例,女15例,治愈10例,死亡18例.发病中位年龄为29岁(6～62岁),发热为本病最突出的临床表现(100%).治愈患者首次血常规检测白细胞为(4.0±1.9)×109/L,淋巴细胞为(1.09±0.49)×109/L,,血小板为(116±39)x 109/L;死亡患者分别为(5.1±2.9)x 109/L、(0.98±0.44)x109/L 及(101±40)x109/L,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).治愈与死亡患者天冬氨酸转氨酶分别为(173±246)U/L和(272±263)U/L,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)分别为(1016±568)U/L和(1512±1052)U/L,肌酸激酶分别为(1099±1590)U/L和(2534±4281)U/L,肌酸激酶同T酶分别为(28±30)U/L和(125±197)U/L.死亡患者发病初期LDH水平大于正常值上限8倍以上者6例.疾病极期均出现舣侧肺部病变.22例发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征,其中治愈患者中5例,死亡患者中17例;急性肾损伤9例,均死亡.奥司他书抗病毒治疗的10例中,6例康复,4例死亡,康复和死亡患者开始使用奥司他韦的时间分别为(6.5±3.0)d和(11.8±3.3)d.28例患者均不同程度接受丁抗牛素和糖皮质激素治疗,开始碰用糖皮质激素的时间和疗程治愈患者与死亡患卉无差异.结论 (1)发病初期LDH升高大于正常上限8倍以上者预后不良;(2)合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征及急性肾损伤者预后差;(3)发病早期应用有效抗病毒治疗可改善预后.

To investigate the relationship between clinical features of patients with A/H5N1 infection and their prognosis in mainland China.This study included 28 human cases with A/H5N1 infection in mainland China from October 2005 to May 2008. Data were collected and reviewed from hospital medical records and publishied papers. A database was built by EPIDATA 3.02 and statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 13.0.The median age of the 28 cases was 29 years (range 6-62), and 15 were females. Ten patients survived, and 18 died. The typically clinical manifestations of human influenza A/H5N1 infection included fever and lower respiratory infection. The numbers of peripheral white blood cells, lymphocytes and platelets in the survival and non-survival groups were (4.01 +/- 1.86) x 10(9)/L vs (5.1 +/- 2.9) x 10(9)/L, (1.09 +/- 0.49) x 10(9)/L vs (0.98 +/- 0.44) x 10(9)/L, and (116 +/- 39) x 10(9)/L vs (101 +/- 40) x 10(9)/L, respectively; the differences were not statistically significant between the 2 groups (P>0.05). There was also no statistically significant difference in the increased serum enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase [(173 +/- 246) U/L vs (272 +/- 263) U/L], lactate dehydrogenase [(1016 +/- 568) U/L vs (1512 +/- 1052) U/L], creatine kinase [(1099 +/- 1590) U/L vs (2534 +/- 4281) U/L] and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase [(28 +/- 30) U/L vs (125 +/- 197) U/L] (P>0.05) between the survival and the non-survival groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the number of patients with an initial LDH level more than 8 fold of the normal value between the survival and the non-survival groups (none vs 6, P<0.05). All of the 28 cases developed bilateral multiple infiltrates and consolidation in chest radiographs. Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 22 cases, 17 of them died. All the 9 patients with acute kidney injury died. Ten patients received antiviral treatment with oseltamivir, and 6 of them survived. There was a statistical difference in the time of initiating oseltamivir treatment between the survival and the non-survival cases [(6.5 +/- 3.0) d vs (11.8 +/- 3.3) d, Z = 3.70, P<0.05]. Broad spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids were administered in all of the 28 cases. There was no statistical difference between the survival and the non-survival groups regarding to the corticosteroid treatment (P>0.05).Initial LDH level reaching more than 8 fold of the normal value suggests a poor prognosis for human H5N1 infection. Patients complicated with either ARDS or acute kidney injury had a higher risk of death. Early administration of effective antiviral agents might improve the prognosis and decrease case fatality.