抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体相关性血管炎190例临床特点分析

Abstract

目的 研究抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体(ANCA)相关性血管炎(AAV)的疾病类型及临床特点,提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析北京大学第一医院1998年1月至2008年9月收治的190例符合AAV诊断患者的病历资料,将患者按ANCA检测结果分为胞质型ANCA(C-ANCA)阳性和核周型ANCA(P-ANCA)阳性2组进行疾病谱,临床和实验室表现差异及死亡相关因素分析.结果 190例患者中男92例,女98例,男女之比为1:1.07;年龄8～89(59±18)岁,40～80岁患者占82.1%(156例).原发性AAV 162例(85.3%),其中P-ANCA阳性146例,C-ANCA阳性16例;继发性AAV28例(结缔组织病18例,丙硫氧嘧啶诱发7例,过敏性紫癜、肺癌、子宫内膜癌各1例),其中P-ANCA阳性25例,C-ANCA阳性3例.C-ANCA阳性组(19例,10.0%)和P-ANCA阳性组(171例,90.0%)患者受累器官均数分别为2.53及1.92个.2组肾脏和肺受累发生率相似,P-ANCA阳性组上呼吸道、胃肠道、关节、眼、皮肤受累发生率低于C-ANCA阳性组,而肌肉、耳及口腔受累发生率高于C-ANCA阳性组,其中上呼吸道、关节、眼受累发生率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05).190例患者中住院死亡25例,其中C-ANCA阳性组3例(15.8%),P-ANCA阳性组22例(12.9%),呼吸衰竭及多脏器衰竭为死亡的相关因素.结论 AAV以中老年多见,多器官受累,C-ANCA阳性患者受累脏器数多于P-ANCA阳性患者.P-ANCA阳性患者疾病谱较广,而C-ANCA阳性多见于原发性血管炎.了解ANCA不同亚型与各种临床疾病的关系对血管炎性疾病的诊断、治疗及相关疾病的鉴别诊断有重要意义,详细的病史询问结合临床特点及其他实验室检查,有助于提高AAV的诊断水平.

To explore the clinical features and disease spectrums for ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and to improve its cognition.Clinical features of 190 cases of patients with AAV hospitalized from 1998 to 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. According to the result of ANCA test, the patients were divided into two groups, cytoplasmic ANCA (C-ANCA) positive and perinuclear ANCA (P-ANCA) positive. The authors compared the differences of disease spectrums, clinical manifestations and laboratory tests between two groups. The relative mortality factors were also analyzed.The authors studied 92 males and 98 females with an age range of 8 - 89 (59 +/- 18) years old. There were 156 cases aged 40 - 80 years old (82.1%) and 162 patients (85.3%) were of primary AAV including 146 cases of P-ANCA positive and 16 cases of C-ANCA positive. There were 28 patients with secondary AAV including 18 cases of connective tissue disease, 7 cases of propylthiouracil induction, 1 case each of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, lung cancer and endometrial carcinoma. There were 25 cases of P-ANCA positive and 3 cases of C-ANCA positive in secondary AAV. There were 171 cases (90.0%) in P-ANCA group and 19 cases (10.0%) in C-ANCA group. The number of organ involvement was 2.53 in C-ANCA group and 1.92 in P-ANCA group. Gastrointestinal tract, joint, upper respiratory tract and ocular involvement was more in C-ANCA group than in P-ANCA group. Oral and auricular involvement was more in P-ANCA group than in C-ANCA group. The involvement difference was of statistic significance in upper respiratory tract, joint and eye (all P < 0.05). Renal and pulmonary involvement in P-ANCA group was similar to C-ANCA group. There were 3 mortality cases in C-ANCA group and 22 in P-ANCA group. Respiratory failure and multiple organ dysfunctions were relative mortality factors.AAV is observed in elders with multiple organ involvement. The number of organ involvement in C-ANCA group is more than that in P-ANCA group. P-ANCA positive patients are more than c-ANCA patients. The disease spectrum is different in these two groups. Secondary AAV is more in P-ANCA group than in C-ANCA group. Clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and type of ANCA are helpful for the diagnosis of AAV.