在农村地区开展子宮颈癌,乳腺癌和生殖道感染联合筛查的可行性

Abstract

目的 调查农村地区妇女子宫颈癌、乳腺癌和生殖道感染(RTI)现患情况及其对上述3种疾病的认知情况和筛查意愿,评估在农村地区推行联合筛查方案的可行性.方法 采取横断面研究方法,对山西省襄垣县30～59岁女性进行疾病认知及筛查意愿问卷调查,并采用子宫颈肉眼观察、乳腺临床检查、生殖道临床检查结合实验室检查进行联合筛查.结果 630名妇女接受了问卷调查及筛查并被纳入统计学分析,结果显示子宫颈癌前病变、乳腺良性疾病和RTI的现患率分别为0.2%、14.0%和53.2%,未检出子宫颈癌和乳腺癌.经宣教后,知道子宫颈癌、乳腺癌和RTI是我国女性常见病的妇女分别占70.5%、63.5%和52.9%;92.5%妇女认为联合筛查优于单一疾病筛查,但其支付意愿与筛查成本仍有差距.结论 山西省襄垣县农村地区妇女乳腺良性疾病和RTI现患率较高,其对子宫颈癌、乳腺癌和RTI的认识有待加强,对联合筛查接受度高,该方案在农村地区可行.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of cervical cancer, breast cancer, and reproductive tract infection (RTI) among women living in a county of China, identify these women's recognition about these three diseases and their attitude toward the screening, and evaluate the feasibility of the packaging screening program in rural areas in China. Methods In this cross-sectional study, women aged 30-59 living in Xiangyuan County, Shanxi Province, were surveyed by questionnaires and screened with visual inspection of cervix,breast clinic examination, and combined clinical examination and laboratory tests for RTI. Results Totally 630 women underwent interviews and packaging screening. The prevalences of cervical precancerous lesion, breast benign disease, and RTI were 0. 2%, 14. 0%, and 53. 2%, respectively. No cancer case was found. The percentages of women knowing cervical cancer, breast cancer, and RTI as common diseases in women were 70. 5%, 63. 5%, and 52. 9% after health education. Up to 92. 5% of women preferred packaging screening to screening for single disease; however, they were not willing to pay the screening at current high cost. Conclusions The prevalences of breast benign disease and RTI are relatively high among women in rual areas in China. The women's recognition about these three diseases is moderately good. The packaging screening program is well accepted and feasible in rural areas.