北京近郊高血压患者健康素养现状及与血压控制的关联

Abstract

目的 了解高血压患者高血压病健康素养水平并探索其影响因素及与血压控制的关联,为今后开展提高高血压患者健康素养的干预以促进其健康提供建议和依据.方法 对北京顺义和通州区1 100例高血压患者进行问卷调查,问卷为自行设计的高血压病健康素养量表,信效度良好.结果 研究对象总体健康素养得分为9.75 (7.50,11.50)分,健康相关信息获取能力得分为0.50 (0.00,1.00)分.单因素:男性健康相关信息获取能力高于女性(P＜0.05);有配偶患者较无配偶的在信息获取能力(P＜0.01)和总体健康素养(P＜0.05)上更高;文化程度(P＜0.01)和家庭月收入(P＜0.05)与总体及各项素养均呈正相关;而年龄则与除沟通能力外的总体和各项素养呈负相关(P＜0.01).多重回归:年龄(β=-0.170,P＜0.01)对健康素养有负向影响,文化程度(β=0.301,P＜0.01)和家庭月收入(β=0.091,P＜0.01)为正向影响.单因素Logistic回归:健康素养总分(OR=1.051)及健康相关信息获取能力(OR=1.403)和沟通能力(OR=1.451)越高的人,血压控制越好.结论 高血压患者高血压病健康素养水平中等,健康素养越好的人,血压控制越好.

Objective To explore the determinants of hypertension specific health literacy and the relationship be tween health literacy and the control of blood pressure among hypertensive patients in Beijing,so as to provide reference for health promotion and intervention in the future.Method The study enrolled a total of 1100 hypertensive patients from Beijing Shunyi District and Tongzhou District.A questionnaire survey and blood pressure measurement were conducted.The self-designed hypertension specific health literacy scale had good validity and reliability.Result Median score of the total hypertension specific health literacy was 9.75 points among 1100 patients,with a quartile of (7.50,11.50),while the score of the ability to obtain health-related information was 0.50 (0.00,1.00) points.Univariate analysis showed that men had a higher score on the ability to obtain health-related information than women (P ＜ 0.05);patients with a spouse had higher scores on overall health literacy (P ＜ 0.05) and acquisition of health-related information (P ＜ 0.01);both of education-degree (P ＜ 0.01) and family income (P ＜ 0.05) had positive correlations with the total score and scores on specific abilities,while there was a negative correlation between age and the scores (P ＜ 0.01).Multiple regression analysis showed that age (β =-0.170,P ＜ 0.01) had negative effect on health literacy while education (β =0.301,P ＜ 0.01) and family income (β =0.091,P ＜ 0.01) had positive effects.Binary logistic regression found that patients having higher scores on the overall health literacy (OR =1.051),the ability to obtain health-related information (OR =1.403) or to communicate (OR =1.451) had a better control of blood pressure.Conclusion Hypertensive patients in Shunyi and Tongzhou Districts had medium level of hypertension specific health literacy,and patients with higher health literacy had better control of blood pressure.