冠状动脉瘤样病变的冠状动脉造影及血管内超声特点分析

Abstract

目的 分析冠状动脉瘤样病变的冠状动脉造影及血管内超声特点,并评价经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)与药物治疗的效果.方法 纳入天津市第一中心医院2007年10月至2014年10月同时具有冠状动脉造影和血管内超声检查资料的65例冠状动脉瘤样病变患者,根据血管内超声特点分为真性冠状动脉瘤组(32例)和假性冠状动脉瘤组(33例),分析两组患者冠状动脉造影及血管内超声特点,根据狭窄程度对患者分别行PCI和药物治疗.观察两组患者主要不良心血管事件的发生情况.结果 真性动脉瘤组动脉瘤在前降支比例(40.6%比75.8%,P=0.026)显著低于假性动脉瘤组,差异有统计学意义;与假性动脉瘤组相比,真性动脉瘤组瘤体长度更长[(5.9±2.7)mm比(11.1±5.8)mm,P<0.001]、瘤体中心处管腔横截面积更大[(17.7±6.6)mm2比(25.6±10.7)mm2,P=0.001]、瘤体最大直径更长[(5.3±1.0)mm比(6.2±1.5)mm,P=0.005]、瘤体中心处外弹力膜横截面积更大[(25.8±7.9)mm2比(33.5±12.0)mm2, P=0.003]、重塑指数更大[(1.6±0.4)比(2.0±0.7),P=0.008],差异均有统计学意义;而瘤体中心处斑块负荷[(32.4±10.7)%比(23.0±9.8)%,P=0.001]、近端参考血管处斑块负荷[(42.6±4.1)%比(35.1±12.1)%,P=0.024]更小,差异亦均有统计学意义.两组患者药物保守治疗及PCI情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),但真性动脉瘤组横跨支架比例显著低于假性动脉瘤组(6.2%比33.3%,P=0.006),差异有统计学意义.两组患者均无心源性死亡、急性心肌梗死发生,真性动脉瘤组1例患者发生亚急性支架内血栓形成,再次PCI后好转.结论 血管内超声能更好地区分真性、假性冠状动脉瘤,大部分冠状动脉瘤邻近动脉粥样硬化斑块和血管分支,提示血流动力学变化可能与冠状动脉瘤的形成有关.对冠状动脉瘤进行充分的长期抗血栓治疗,对冠状动脉瘤瘤体一侧的严重狭窄病变采用必要性PCI是合理的.

Objective To analyze the angiographic and intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) characteristics of 65 coronary artery aneurismal lesions and to evaluate the effects of interventional and medical therapy. Methods 65 in-hosptal patients with coronary artery aneurysmal lesions with both quantitive coronary angiography and IVUS data from 10/2007 to 10/2014 were retrospectively analyzed in our center. Aneurysmal lesions were confi rmed as ture coronary artery aneurysms(CAA) (n=32)or false aneurysms(n=33)by IVUS. The angiography and IVUS characteristics in both groups were analyzed. Patients with aneurysmal lesion were provided with interventional or medical therapy according to the severety of stenosis. The major adverse cardiac events(MACE) were observed in these patients for two years. Results LAD and RCA were the most common sites of true CAA lesions(40.6% and 34.4% respectively).Compared with the false aneurysm group, the ture aneurysm group had longer aneurysm[(11.1±5.8)mm vs.(5.9±2.7)mm,P<0.001], more bifurcation vessels(21 cases vs. 8 cases,P=0.001),bigger luminal external elastic membrane[(25.6 ±10.7)mm2vs.(17.7±6.6)mm2,P=0.001],bigger luminal diameters [(6.2±1.5)mm vs.(5.3±1.0)mm,P=0.005]and bigger cross sectional area[(33.5±12.0)mm2vs. (25.8±7.9)mm2, P=0.003]. The false aneurysms group had bigger plaque burdens than the ture aneurysms[(32.4±10.7)% vs.(23.0±9.8)%,P=0.001].The ratios of receiving percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) and medical therapy were the same in the two groups (P=0.272). The percentage receiving crossover stenting was higher in the false aneurysms group(33.3% vs. 6.2%, P=0.006). There were no cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction in both groups.One subacute in-stent thrombosis happened in the ture aneurysm group. Conclusions IVUS is a good method for diff erentiation of CAA from false coronary aneurysm. Most aneurysms were adjacent to severe stenosis and vessel bifurcation. It implied that maybe the changes of flow hemodynamics were related to the formation of coronary artery aneurysm. Sufficient and long term anti-thrombotic therapy and provisional interventions to aneurysmal unilateral severe stenosis may be a good choice of treatment for CAA.