Tin(II) Acetylacetonate as a New Type of Tin Compensator Additive for Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Tin (Sn)-based perovskite is one of the most promising candidates for lead (Pb)-free perovskite light-absorbing materials applied in solar cells. However, the intrinsic Sn vacancy (V-Sn) defects seriously hinder the device performance, making the reported maximum power efficiency (PCE) of Sn-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) far behind those of Pb-based ones. During the study, SnF2 has been demonstrated as an indispensable Sn compensator additive to improve the device performance. Considering that the default use of SnF2 and the selection of a Sn compensator has also been limited to tin(II) halides, i.e., SnCl2, SnBr2, and SnI2, the role and work mechanism of the Sn compensator have not yet been clarified clearly. Herein, a new type of Sn compensator, tin(II) acetylacetonate [Sn (acac)(2)], is introduced into Sn-based PSCs. It is found that in addition to tin compensation, the organic ligand acac(-) can coordinate with Sn2+ in the precursor solution and improve the crystallization process of perovskites. Consequently, the maximum PCE of formamidinium tin triiodide (FASnI(3)) solar cells is enhanced from 3.88 to 7.27% using Sn (acac)(2) as the Sn compensator.