De-escalation of Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in East Asian Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract

Purpose: East Asian individuals have a lower risk of thromboembolic events while potentially carrying a higher risk of bleeding events compared with non-Asian individuals. The aim of the present analysis was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of the de-escalation of antiplatelet therapy compared with standard dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in East Asian patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing de-escalation with DAPT in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were retrieved from electronic databases from their inception until March 2022. Outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), ischemic events, major bleeding, minor bleeding, and any bleeding. Subgroup analyses based on treatment strategy were conducted. Statistical analysis was performed by using Review Manager version 5.4. Findings: Eight randomized controlled trials from 539 potentially relevant publications with a total of 15,744 East Asian patients were included. Pooled data from these studies found a significantly lower MACE (0.82; 95% CI, 0.69-0.98) and major bleeding event (0.62; 95% CI, 0.46-0.82) in de-escalation than standard-DAPT without heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was divided into DAPT followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy and a reducing dose of P2Y12 inhibitors. DAPT followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy had a 48% lower incidence of major bleeding events than standard DAPT (0.52; 95% CI, 0.27-1.00); there was no significant difference in major bleeding (0.99; 95% CI, 0.55-1.76) between the reducing dose of P2Y12 inhibitors and standard DAPT. Implications: De-escalation is a promising and potentially optimal antiplatelet therapy for patients from East Asia with PCI. DAPT followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy might be a safer and equally effective approach compared with standard DAPT in East Asian patients with PCI. PROSPERO identifier: CRD42022319983.